东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带复合成因超压判别及定量评价

Identification and quantitative evaluation of overpressure with a composite origin in Pinghu slope belt, Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin

  • 摘要: 地层压力是控制油气运移和聚集的关键因素,东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带普遍发育地层超压且分布规律复杂,导致地层压力解释与评价难度大。为准确判别超压成因并实现定量评价,综合运用泥岩压实曲线法、声速—垂向有效应力图版法及声速—密度图版法,识别出该区超压为欠压实与流体膨胀复合成因。在此基础上,采用等效深度法(ED)与本团队新创的声速回弹法(SVR)相结合的评价体系,对复合成因超压进行了定量评价。以W2井为例,ED+SVR法计算压力与实测值的误差范围为0.1%~2.4%,优于伊顿法(Eaton)的0.0%~6.2%。在邻井应用中,ED+SVR法误差范围为1.0%~3.3%,同样显著低于Eaton法的2.1%~11.4%。分析表明,Eaton法需依赖实测压力标定确定Eaton指数,且对超压成因贡献量变化敏感,适用于有实测数据且成因稳定的单井及邻井;而ED+SVR法不受上述限制,对单井及邻井的压力评价效果普遍较好,其物理意义与可靠性经岩电结果验证,具备较强的地区适用性。明确了西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带超压的复合成因机制,并优选出ED+SVR法作为该区复合成因超压定量评价的有效手段,可为该地区后续精准压力评价与勘探部署提供关键依据。

     

    Abstract: Formation pressure is a key factor controlling hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Overpressure is widely developed in the Pinghu slope belt of the Xihu Sag in the East China Sea Basin, exhibiting complex distribution patterns that make formation pressure interpretation and evaluation difficult. To accurately identify the origin of overpressure and achieve quantitative assessment, this study comprehensively employed the mudstone compaction curve method, the acoustic velocity-vertical effective stress chart method, and the acoustic velocity-density chart method to identify overpressure in this area as a composite result of undercompaction and fluid expansion. On this basis, an evaluation system combining the equivalent depth (ED) method and the sound velocity rebound (SVR) method newly developed by our research team was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the overpressure with a composite origin. Taking the well W2 as a case study, the error between ED+SVR-calculated pressures and measured values was 0.1%~1.7%, outperforming the Eaton method, which was 0.0%~6.2%. In adjacent wells, the ED+SVR method yielded errors of 1.0%~3.3%, significantly lower than the Eaton method's 2.0%~11.4%. Analysis showed that the Eaton method relied on calibration with measured pressures to determine the Eaton exponent and was sensitive to changes in overpressure origin contributions, making it suitable for single wells or adjacent wells with available measured data and stable origins. In contrast, the ED+SVR method was not limited by these constraints and generally performed well in pressure evaluation for both single and adjacent wells. Its physical significance and reliability were verified by petrophysical and electrical data, demonstrating strong regional applicability. The study clarifies the composite origin mechanism of overpressure in the Pinghu slope belt of the Xihu Sag and establishes the ED+SVR method as an effective tool for quantitative evaluation of overpressure with a composite origin in this area, providing a critical basis for subsequent precise pressure evaluation and exploration deployment in this region.

     

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