致密储层裂缝气水微观渗流过程研究

Microscopic seepage process of gas and water in fractures of tight reservoirs

  • 摘要: 为研究致密储层裂缝空间内流体的动态渗流机理,基于深度学习分割结果,构建真实储层三维数字岩心裂隙结构。首先评价其连通性,然后模拟单相流渗透率,利用水平集方法耦合N-S方程进行气、水两相流驱替过程研究,并采用有限元方法求解。结果显示:深度学习方法可高效自动分割岩心图像中的裂隙,准确率达85%;连通裂隙对于岩石渗透性有重要作用,流体性质的不同,影响流动压力和速度,进而影响其渗透率。驱替模拟过程中可清晰观察到气、水两相分布特征,随驱替时间变化直至渗流结束,狭窄裂隙通道流体饱和度几乎无变化,是残余气相的主要赋存空间;而连通性相对较好的裂隙成为主渗流通道,其具有宽且笔直的特征,气体采收率趋于稳定。该研究结果对微观条件下致密储层裂缝空间内的气、水两相流动研究具有一定的指导意义。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the dynamic seepage mechanisms of fluids within fractures of tight reservoirs, a three-dimensional digital core fracture structure of an actual reservoir was constructed based on deep learning segmentation results. First, the fracture connectivity was evaluated. Then, single-phase flow permeability simulation was conducted, and gas-water two-phase flow displacement was studied using a level-set method coupled with Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations, with solutions obtained using the finite element method. The results showed that the deep learning method efficiently and automatically segmented fractures in core images with an accuracy of 85%. Connected fractures played an important role in rock permeability. Different fluid properties affected flow pressure and velocity, thereby affecting permeability. During the displacement simulation, the distribution characteristics of gas and water phases were clearly observed. As the displacement progressed until seepage completion, the fluid saturation in narrow fracture channels remained nearly unchanged, serving as the primary storage space for residual gas phase. Fractures with relatively good connectivity, characterized by great width and straightness, became the main seepage channels where gas recovery rates tended to stabilize. The research findings provide guidance for studying gas-water two-phase flow in fracture spaces of tight reservoirs under microscopic conditions.

     

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