塔里木盆地顺北油气田断控缝洞型储集体高产井目标优选

Optimal selection of high-production well targets for fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoir in Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin

  • 摘要: 塔里木盆地顺北油气田经过多年勘探开发,形成了适用于1号带和5号带的超深断控缝洞体目标预测评价与井位设计系列技术。随着油气田勘探对象从1号和5号主干断裂带逐步转向东部北东向和西部北西向断裂带,其地下地质条件更加复杂,勘探成本大幅度提升。现有储集体描述、目标优选及井轨迹设计技术已无法满足超深断控缝洞体精细描述和高产井轨迹优化设计需求。通过对比分析不同区域、不同样式走滑断裂带内部结构特征和地震响应特征差异,结合实钻井井震标定统计和模型正演分析,建立了“通源断裂+串珠+纵深杂乱强背景”的高产稳产井地震识别模式,为储层预测和目标优选提供了依据;通过攻关形成的Q补偿地震资料解释性处理技术提高了沙漠区低信噪比资料中断控缝洞体的成像精度,在此基础上建立了以“相控反演”为核心的储集体量化雕刻和靶点空间定位技术,提高了断控储集体描述精度和靶点优选的精准性;针对顺北地区上覆地层和奥陶系目的层复杂的地质条件以及钻井过程面临的漏失、溢流和井壁垮塌等难题,建立了一套以钻井风险预测为主的地质工程一体化关键技术流程,形成井轨迹优化、井口优选、钻前地层压力预测及井壁稳定性预测方法,提高了钻井安全性和作业效率。顺北4号带和8号带钻探结果表明,断控储集体高产井目标优选设计技术能够精准预测超深非均质性缝洞体目标,指导和优化钻井轨迹设计,规避和减少钻井路径上各类工程风险,提高规模储集体钻遇率和高产井建产率。

     

    Abstract: After years of exploration and development in the Shunbei oil and gas field, Tarim Basin, a series of technologies for ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy target prediction, evaluation, and well location design have been formed, applicable to the No.1 and No.5 fault zones. As exploration efforts shift from the main No.1 and No.5 fault zones to the northeastern and northwestern fault zones in the eastern and western regions, the underground geological conditions become more complex, and exploration costs rise significantly. Existing reservoir characterization, target selection, and well trajectory design technologies are inadequate for the precise delineation of ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy systems and high-yield well trajectory optimization. Through comparative analysis of the internal structural characteristics and seismic response variations of different regions and different types of strike-slip fault zones, integrated with actual well seismic calibration statistics and forward modeling, this study established a robust seismic identification model for high-yield and stable production wells. This model, based on the "source-connected faults + bead-string + deep chaotic high-amplitude background", provided a systematic framework for reservoir prediction and target selection. The Q-compensation seismic data processing technology developed through research improved the imaging resolution of fault-controlled fractured-vuggy systems in low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data under desert environments. Based on this, a reservoir quantification sculpting and target spatial positioning technology, centered on "facies-constrained inversion, " was established, which improved the accuracy of fault-controlled reservoir description and the precision of target selection. In response to the complex geological conditions of the overlying strata and Ordovician target layers in the Shunbei area, as well as challenges such as loss, overflow, and wellbore collapse during drilling, a key integrated geological engineering technology process focused on drilling risk prediction was established. This process included methods for optimizing well trajectories, selecting well locations, predicting formation pressures before drilling, and predicting wellbore stability, which improved drilling safety and efficiency. Drilling results from Shunbei's No. 4 and No. 8 fault zones indicated that the target selection and design technology for fault-controlled reservoirs could accurately identify and predict ultra-deep heterogeneous fractured-vuggy body targets, guide and optimize drilling trajectory design, avoid and reduce engineering risks along the drilling path, and improve the drilling success rate and high-yield well construction rate for large-scale reservoirs.

     

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