Abstract: The energy and resolution of seismic wave reduced because of desert surface attenuation. The spatial variation of desert surface media is large, for which the attenuation causes the spatial variation of the energy and phase of seismic wavelet. If the change is much larger than reservoir information change, reservoir prediction will be failed. The surface attenuation compensation technique is a quantitative analysis method based on the near surface model. The relative attenuation coefficient R is obtained by the frequency conversion of seismic wave. The relative Q value of the surface is obtained by the spectral ratio method. The stable attenuation compensation algorithm is used to compensate seismic data, which can effectively widen the effective frequency band of seismic signal and improve the resolution and S/N, and effectively solve the problem of near surface airborne absorption.