Abstract: Based on the geochemical features and logging data of dark mudstone, carbonate mudstone and oil shale samples from different layers of the Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin (including Zhengjing, Binchang, Xunyi and Fuxian areas), the identification markers and distribution characteristics of oil shale have been investigated. The result shows that there are significant differences in biomarker characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and logging electrical characteristics. Oil shale has typical geochemical and geophysical composite identification marks. The distribution of oil shale is significantly controlled by sedimentary environment. Deep or semi-deep lacustrine facies which is near to the center of lake basin is the main development zone for oil shale.