Abstract: In the past 200 years, several significant theoretical innovations have been made to hydrocarbon industry. New discoveries have been obtained in the field of burial depth, distribution and recoverable reserve of oil and gas. The origin of hydrocarbon was discussed. In view of the texture and function of technology, the dominant technique was correlated with hydrocarbon historical origin theory, and an evaluation system for hydrocarbon resource was established. It is believed that hydrocarbon is very important and could not be replaced in the future. The dominant technique for hydrocarbon exploration was discussed in the end.