Abstract: In this paper, the application of SEM/EDX analysis in petroleum exploration and production is summarized. The authors briefly introduced its application and significance in the stidy of clay mineral, its application in the evaluation of cardonate and clastic rock reservoir features and qualities,its application in oil/gas reservoir protection and oilfield production, and its new fruits in the other hydrocarbon research fields. As a modern analytical and testing technology, SEM/EDX analysis plays an important role in petroleum exploration and production.