Abstract: Whether the distributive province of shallow metamorphic rock in South Anhui is an old land or an orogen is an important problem controverted over for a long time in the geotectonic study of South China.The latest research data indicate that it is an orogen composed of Palaeozoic metamorphic strata rather than an old land.The tectonic composition and evolutionary history of this orogen are also discussed in the meantime in this paper.At last,the significance of the evolutionary history for the exploration of oil andgas fields in the area and the further work needed are suggested.